Biometric smart cards have been deployed in national IDs (e.g., India’s Aadhaar-based cards, Malaysia’s MyKad) but rarely for professional drivers with daily rugged use. The borrows from financial EMVCo security requirements and adds driver‑specific attributes (license class, medical validity, hazardous materials endorsement).
[8] BPS Consortium Whitepaper (2025). "Biometric Payment & Security – Architecture Version 2.1." Available upon request. driver smart card bps n99
[7] Maes, R. (2019). Biometric Authentication on Smart Cards . Springer. Biometric smart cards have been deployed in national IDs (e
[6] FIDO Alliance. (2022). FIDO2 Specifications for biometric authenticators. India’s Aadhaar-based cards
[3] Kocher, P., Jaffe, J., & Jun, B. (1999). Differential Power Analysis. Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO .