Obstetrics And Gynaecology — Questions And Answers Pdf

Digital cervical examination. This can provoke catastrophic hemorrhage. Management is C-section.

Endometrial biopsy (office) or dilation and curettage (D&C) with hysteroscopy. Thickened stripe (>4-5 mm postmenopausal) + bleeding requires tissue diagnosis to rule out endometrial cancer. obstetrics and gynaecology questions and answers pdf

Arrest disorder: Active phase arrest. Next step: amniotomy if membranes intact, followed by oxytocin augmentation if no progress after 2-4 hours. If still no change → C-section. Digital cervical examination

Administer Rh(D) immune globulin (300 mcg IM) . Also give after any potentially sensitizing event (e.g., abortion, amniocentesis, trauma) and within 72 hours of delivery of an Rh-positive newborn. Endometrial biopsy (office) or dilation and curettage (D&C)

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Exam finding: positive cough stress test (instant leakage with cough when bladder is full) and possibly urethral hypermobility (Q-tip test >30 degrees). First-line treatment: pelvic floor muscle therapy, weight loss. Surgical: mid-urethral sling.

Excisional procedure (LEEP or cold knife cone). For CIN 2-3, observation is not recommended in a non-pregnant adult. If margins involved → repeat excision or follow-up.

Letrozole (aromatase inhibitor) – now preferred over clomiphene due to higher live birth rates and lower multiple pregnancy risk. Dose 2.5-7.5 mg days 3-7 of cycle. Section 7: Urogynecology Q20: What is the difference between a cystocele, rectocele, and enterocele?